NEW DELHI: One of the world’s oldest fold mountain ranges, the Aravallis, is currently locked in a massive struggle for survival. Stretching approximately 700 km from Gujarat to Delhi, these hills play a definitive role in maintaining the ecological balance of Northern India. However, recent changes in the legal definition of these hills and the persistent threat of mining have put this “Green Shield” at risk.
Why Must the Aravallis Be Protected?
The Aravallis are not merely mounds of rock and soil; they are an ecological life-support system for millions:
- Preventing Desertification: They act as a natural barrier, preventing the sands of the Thar Desert from drifting into the fertile Indo-Gangetic plains.
- Water Security: The range acts as a critical recharge zone for groundwater in Delhi-NCR and surrounding regions.
- Wildlife Habitat: It is a sanctuary for leopards, Hanuman langurs, and rare avian species.
The 2025 Crisis: Redefinition and Protests
In 2025, the protection of the Aravallis became a flashpoint for debate due to a controversial “redefinition” proposal. Authorities suggested that only hills with a height of 100 meters or more be classified as “Aravallis.” Environmentalists warned that this would leave nearly 90% of the range unprotected and open to the mining mafia, which has already caused several hills in Haryana and Rajasthan to vanish. This sparked the “Save Aravalli” movement, with massive protests erupting across Rajasthan and Haryana.
Supreme Court’s Decisive Intervention (December 29, 2025)
In a landmark development on December 29, 2025, the Supreme Court of India stepped in to prevent a potential ecological disaster:
- Stay on Redefinition: The Court stayed its own previous observation/order from November 20 regarding the 100-meter height criteria.
- Suo Motu Action: Taking note of reports that the new definition would strip 90% of the range of its protected status, a bench headed by the Chief Justice intervened directly.
- Expert Committee: The Court directed the formation of a high-powered committee to re-examine the scientific and ecological importance of the range. The matter is scheduled for further hearing on January 21, 2026.
Public Resistance: The ‘Aravalli Bachao’ Movement
The legal battle has been bolstered by a grassroots “Aravalli Bachao” (Save Aravalli) movement:
- Political Support: Leaders like former Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot have warned of environmental catastrophe. Padayatras (protest marches) have been organized in Alwar and Jaipur.
- Tribal and Local Voices: Leaders like Rajkumar Roat of the Bharat Adivasi Party (BAP) are mobilizing tribal communities whose lives are threatened by mining.
- Farmers’ Fears: Communities like the Bishnois and Malis are protesting, fearing that the destruction of the hills will deplete groundwater and destroy their livelihoods.
A Biodiversity Hotspot
The range remains a vibrant ecosystem despite the threats. Key wildlife includes:
- Mammals: Leopards (the apex predator here), Striped Hyenas, Golden Jackals, Sloth Bears, and the Nilgai (Asia’s largest antelope).
- Birds: Nearly 300 species, including the Indian Peafowl, Grey Hornbills, and various vultures and hawks.
- Sanctuaries: Critical zones include Sariska Tiger Reserve, Kumbhalgarh, Mount Abu, and the Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary.
The Aravallis, with their highest peak at Guru Shikhar (1722 meters) in Mount Abu, are the backbone of North India’s environmental security. Their disappearance would lead to increased air pollution, rising temperatures, and the eventual desertification of the region. Experts and citizens alike agree: protecting the Aravallis is no longer just about nature—it is a necessity for human survival.
For more details: Navamalayalam.com